What is Refractive Index?
Refractive Index Explained: Snell’s Law & Maxwell’s Equations The refractive index is the factor by which an electromagnetic wave slows down inside of a material relative to the speed of light …
What is Magnetic Permeability?
What is Magnetic Permeability? Some of the most common questions I see online about electromagnetics is “what is permittivity” and “what is permeability.” I have a separate post answering the …
What is Electrical Permittivity?
What is Electrical Permittivity? The strict definition of permittivity is that it is a measure of how well a medium stores electric energy. This definition does little to give any …
How Metamaterials Work
How Metamaterials Work How do metamaterials work? Is there a simple qualitative answer? The answer must begin with a short discussion of why natural materials exhibit the properties they do. …
Ever wonder why diffraction order exist only at discrete angles?
Check out the visualization below – it can help explain why diffraction orders, or grating lobes, exist only at discrete angles. Waves that are reflected from (or transmitted through) a …
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Direction of diffraction orders from crossed diffraction gratings
Diffraction gratings are common optical elements in spectrometers, fan-out gratings, dichroic mirrors, and other filter devices. One common aspect of all of these is that they split an incoming wave …
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